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来源：信誉快32023-12-06 17:48

全网都在求止咳，医生紧急提醒千万别乱吃药！******

　　#你还在咳咳咳吗#

　　#一直咳嗽会引发肺炎吗#

　　近日

　　多条与咳嗽相关的词条登上热搜

　　很多网友反应，自己阳了十多天都转阴了，却还是咳嗽不止。有网友担心，一直咳嗽会不会咳成肺炎？

　　对此，武汉市中医医院肺系病科副主任医师卢丽君表示，咳嗽本身不会引起肺炎，肺炎却会导致咳嗽。

　　感染新冠病毒后，即使核酸和抗原显示阴性，咳嗽的症状却依然没有消失，有的还比较严重，主要是因为奥密克戎病毒感染后损伤了呼吸道黏膜。

　　咳嗽是人体的一种保护机制，感染后咳嗽是许多呼吸道病毒感染都会出现的情况，一般情况下不必过于紧张。

　　医生提醒：不要盲目使用止咳药

　　咳嗽不止怎么办？能否使用止咳药？对此，医生提醒，不要一咳嗽就用止咳药，止咳药使用不当，反而会加重感染，甚至导致肺炎。

　　“如果一咳嗽，就用中枢性镇咳药将咳止住，表面上看起来咳嗽是停了，但如果本身的感染没有得到控制，气道内的分泌物会越聚越多，甚至引起气道阻塞，有可能激发新的细菌感染，严重时会进一步诱发支气管炎或肺炎。”北京儿童医院呼吸科主任医师刘秀云指出。

　　咳嗽应该怎么用药？

　　1.轻度咳嗽不需镇咳，对一般咳嗽的治疗应以祛痰为主，不宜单纯使用镇咳药。但严重的咳嗽或咳嗽明显影响生活质量时，则可适当服用镇咳药。

　　2.如果咳嗽伴有多痰，应与祛痰剂合用，以利于痰液排出和加强镇咳效果。对痰液特别多的湿性咳嗽，应谨慎用药，以免痰液排出受阻而滞留于呼吸道内或加重感染。

　　3.儿童一般应少用镇咳药，多痰或肺瘀血患儿禁用。对于剧烈咳嗽或伴有胸痛和高张性气胸患儿，可给予镇咳药，但必须禁用具有成瘾性的中枢镇咳药物(如可待因及含有可待因成分的复方制剂)。

　　4.老年人若出现咳嗽、无痰或少痰等症状，可酌情使用右美沙芬、喷托维林或苯丙哌林等镇咳剂。

　　5.使用镇咳药时要注意药物的不良反应，应用复方制剂时要了解其成分，注意每种成分的禁忌证，多种成分之间的相互作用，同时还要避免重复用药。

　　总之，咳嗽是一种有益的保护性反射，过早应用止咳药不利于痰液排出。如果不能明确病因，别擅自选用止咳药。

　　来源：央广网综合新黄河新闻客户端

　　本期编辑：毛嘉淇

　　(央广网微信公众号)

信誉快3

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.